In traditional participating life insurance products, the allocation of dividends to policy owners is:

In traditional participating life insurance products, the allocation of dividends to policy owners is often designed to provide some level of stability over time. This is accomplished by the company smoothing out the dividends, meaning that while they may be influenced by factors such as investment performance, other variables are taken into account to avoid large fluctuations year over year.

The smoothing process allows policyholders to receive dividends that do not vary widely based on a single year's performance. This can be advantageous in providing a sense of predictability for policyholders, as dividend amounts can be more stable and less susceptible to the volatility of the company's investment returns. It reflects a long-term perspective taken by the insurance company to enhance policyholder satisfaction and maintain trust.

In contrast, factors like the individual policyholder's investment or the direct linkage to the company's investment performance tend to create more volatility and uncertainty in dividend allocation. Additionally, while some aspects of dividends may be influenced by predetermined formulas or calculations at the policy's inception, these formulas typically also involve adjustments based on the company's overall performance and the smoothing process. Thus, the smoothened allocation aligns with how participating life insurance is structured to benefit policyholders over time.